Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Brown the chicken pieces on all sides, then set aside.
In the same pot, sauté the sofrito, onion, and garlic until fragrant (about 3–4 minutes).
Stir in sazón and adobo. Return chicken to the pot.
Add broth, bay leaf, and plantains. Bring to a boil, then lower heat and simmer for 20 minutes.
Add carrots, potatoes, and corn. Simmer another 25–30 minutes until veggies and chicken are tender.
Stir in chopped cilantro and optional rice or noodles. Cook 10 more minutes.
Taste and adjust seasoning. Serve hot with lime, avocado, and crusty bread if desired.